Kozhikode, Kerala — The Nipah virus (NiV) re-emerges as a cause of concern for Kerala as the health department announces a state of alert after two suspected deaths due to the virus in Kozhikode district. The incident draws a shadow of unease, recalling previous Nipah virus outbreaks in the region in 2018 and 2021.
The victims, who recently succumbed to "unnatural" deaths following fever symptoms, were reported from a private hospital. Alarmingly, relatives of one of the deceased individuals have now been admitted to the intensive care unit, underscoring the potential threat of the infection spreading.
Kerala's State Health Minister, Veena George, swiftly called for a high-level meeting to review and strategize necessary countermeasures to contain a potential outbreak. As part of the proactive measures, an expert group was assigned to capture fruit-eating bats, a known host for the virus, at Perambra in Kozhikode. This action aims to study and understand the current dynamics of the virus transmission in the region.
What is the Nipah Virus?
Originating from bats, particularly fruit bats, the Nipah virus has been an intermittent but severe threat in various parts of the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies it as a zoonotic disease, capable of jumping from animals to humans. Transmission pathways include consumption of contaminated food, particularly from fruits bitten by infected bats, and direct person-to-person contact.
Those infected by NiV may experience a broad spectrum of symptoms. While some remain asymptomatic, displaying no noticeable signs of infection, others may develop acute respiratory conditions. The most severe manifestation of the disease can lead to fatal encephalitis, a condition characterized by inflammation of the brain.
The economic implications of the virus also stretch beyond human health. Pigs, another mammal susceptible to NiV, can suffer severe illnesses when infected, causing substantial economic losses for the farming community.
A Brief History
Kozhikode district's painful tryst with the Nipah virus first came to light on May 19, 2018. The region saw a significant number of deaths due to NiV, with another wave hitting in 2021. These repeated outbreaks emphasize the importance of constant vigilance and public health preparedness in the area.
As Kerala braces itself against another potential outbreak, it's crucial for residents to maintain caution, avoid consuming raw fruits without washing, and report any suspected cases to health officials promptly. The collaboration of the community with health authorities will be paramount in ensuring the safety and health of the people of Kerala.
