India and Pakistan have taken serious steps that break important agreements they made a long time ago, showing how bad the situation has become.

On April 23, 2025, India suspended the Indus Waters Treaty, which remains a significant water-sharing agreement since its signing in 1960. The Indian decision followed a terrorist attack in the Baisaran Valley of Kashmir that had taken a toll of 26 lives, 25 Indian tourists, and one Nepalese national. India holds that the assault was perpetrated by Pakistan-based militants.​

The World Bank-brokered Indus Waters Treaty allowed the eastern rivers - by which we mean the Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej - to be controlled by India, while Pakistan controlled the western rivers - namely the Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab. Such a move by India about the treaty represents a substantial change in the bilateral relationship.​

In reprisal, on April 24, 2025, Pakistan announced the suspension of the 1972 Simla Agreement. This pact, which had served as the basis of diplomatic conduct between the two countries, pertained to peaceful settlements of disputes and the establishment of the Line of Control in Kashmir. It has thus become the most important agreement.​

The mutual suspension of these treaties has intensified matters, with both countries expelling one another's diplomats, halting all trade, and closing airspace for each other's planes. Following this, Prime Minister Narendra Modi called for an emergency meeting on the matter, stating that national security would remain a priority for India.​

Such developments have given rise to concerns regarding the stability of the region; international observers have therefore encouraged both nations to exercise restraint and to hold dialogue to defuse the tension before it goes further.